feat: add per-mapping --allow-fallback for layout-independent shortcuts

Add --allow-fallback option to the map command that controls shifted
and ascii (alternate_key) fallback for individual key mappings.

For non-Latin keyboard layouts, when the current layout key is
non-ascii (codepoint > 127 and < 0xE000), the alternate_key from
the base layout is used for matching if the mapping opts in via
--allow-fallback=shifted,ascii.

Default kitty bindings use --allow-fallback=shifted,ascii so they
work out of the box with non-Latin layouts. User custom mappings
default to --allow-fallback=shifted (preserving existing shifted_key
behavior without ascii fallback).

--allow-fallback=none disables all fallback for a mapping.

Python side: parse_options_for_map() in options/utils.py handles flag
parsing, ShortcutMapping uses it in __init__. get_shortcut() filters
candidates by per-mapping allow_fallback.

Go side: ParseMap() handles --allow-fallback, KeyAction stores
AllowFallback, ShortcutTracker.Match passes it to matching.
MatchesParsedShortcut defaults to shifted,ascii for hardcoded shortcuts.

Migrated kittens (themes, command_palette, diff, choose_files) to
use ShortcutTracker with configurable map entries.

Tests added for Python (5 test methods) and Go (ParseMap + key matching).

tools/tui/loop/key-encoding.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"math"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"unicode/utf8"
 
 	"github.com/kovidgoyal/kitty"
 )
@@ -285,7 +286,12 @@ func ParseShortcut(spec string) *ParsedShortcut {
 	return &ans
 }
 
-func (self *KeyEvent) MatchesParsedShortcut(ps *ParsedShortcut, event_type KeyEventType) bool {
+func isNonASCIIKey(key string) bool {
+	r, size := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(key)
+	return size > 0 && size == len(key) && r > 127 && r < 0xE000 && r != utf8.RuneError
+}
+
+func (self *KeyEvent) MatchesParsedShortcutWithFallback(ps *ParsedShortcut, event_type KeyEventType, allowFallback string) bool {
 	if self.Type&event_type == 0 {
 		return false
 	}
@@ -293,12 +299,19 @@ func (self *KeyEvent) MatchesParsedShortcut(ps *ParsedShortcut, event_type KeyEv
 	if mods == ps.Mods && self.Key == ps.KeyName {
 		return true
 	}
-	if self.ShiftedKey != "" && mods&SHIFT != 0 && (mods & ^SHIFT) == ps.Mods && self.ShiftedKey == ps.KeyName {
+	if strings.Contains(allowFallback, "shifted") && self.ShiftedKey != "" && mods&SHIFT != 0 && (mods & ^SHIFT) == ps.Mods && self.ShiftedKey == ps.KeyName {
+		return true
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(allowFallback, "ascii") && self.AlternateKey != "" && isNonASCIIKey(self.Key) && mods == ps.Mods && self.AlternateKey == ps.KeyName {
 		return true
 	}
 	return false
 }
 
+func (self *KeyEvent) MatchesParsedShortcut(ps *ParsedShortcut, event_type KeyEventType) bool {
+	return self.MatchesParsedShortcutWithFallback(ps, event_type, "shifted,ascii")
+}
+
 func (self *KeyEvent) Matches(spec string, event_type KeyEventType) bool {
 	return self.MatchesParsedShortcut(ParseShortcut(spec), event_type)
 }
@@ -307,6 +320,10 @@ func (self *KeyEvent) MatchesPressOrRepeat(spec string) bool {
 	return self.MatchesParsedShortcut(ParseShortcut(spec), PRESS|REPEAT)
 }
 
+func (self *KeyEvent) MatchesPressOrRepeatWithFallback(spec string, allowFallback string) bool {
+	return self.MatchesParsedShortcutWithFallback(ParseShortcut(spec), PRESS|REPEAT, allowFallback)
+}
+
 func (self *KeyEvent) MatchesCaseSensitiveTextOrKey(spec string) bool {
 	if self.MatchesParsedShortcut(ParseShortcut(spec), PRESS|REPEAT) {
 		return true

tools/tui/loop/key-encoding_test.go

@@ -28,3 +28,108 @@ func TestKeyEventFromCSI(t *testing.T) {
 	test_text("121;;121u", "y", "")
 	test_text("121::122;;121u", "y", "z")
 }
+
+func TestIsNonASCIIKey(t *testing.T) {
+	if !isNonASCIIKey("с") { // Cyrillic с (U+0441)
+		t.Fatal("Cyrillic с should be non-ASCII")
+	}
+	if isNonASCIIKey("c") { // Latin c
+		t.Fatal("Latin c should be ASCII")
+	}
+	if isNonASCIIKey("") {
+		t.Fatal("empty string should not be non-ASCII")
+	}
+	// boundary: U+0080 (first non-ASCII) should be true
+	if !isNonASCIIKey("\u0080") {
+		t.Fatal("U+0080 should be non-ASCII")
+	}
+	// boundary: U+007F (DEL, last ASCII) should be false
+	if isNonASCIIKey("\u007f") {
+		t.Fatal("U+007F should be ASCII")
+	}
+	// boundary: U+D7FF (last valid BMP char before surrogates) should be true
+	if !isNonASCIIKey("\uD7FF") {
+		t.Fatal("U+D7FF should be non-ASCII (before PUA)")
+	}
+	// boundary: U+E000 (first PUA, functional key range) should be false
+	if isNonASCIIKey("\uE000") {
+		t.Fatal("U+E000 should be excluded (functional key range)")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMatchesParsedShortcutWithFallback(t *testing.T) {
+	ps := ParseShortcut("ctrl+c")
+
+	// Per-mapping ascii match: Cyrillic key + AlternateKey=c + allow_fallback contains ascii
+	ev := &KeyEvent{Type: PRESS, Mods: CTRL, Key: "с", AlternateKey: "c"}
+	if !ev.MatchesParsedShortcutWithFallback(ps, PRESS, "shifted,ascii") {
+		t.Fatal("should match via AlternateKey with allow_fallback=shifted,ascii")
+	}
+	if !ev.MatchesParsedShortcutWithFallback(ps, PRESS, "ascii") {
+		t.Fatal("should match via AlternateKey with allow_fallback=ascii")
+	}
+
+	// Per-mapping no ascii match when allow_fallback=shifted only
+	if ev.MatchesParsedShortcutWithFallback(ps, PRESS, "shifted") {
+		t.Fatal("should NOT match via AlternateKey with allow_fallback=shifted (no ascii)")
+	}
+
+	// No fallback at all
+	if ev.MatchesParsedShortcutWithFallback(ps, PRESS, "") {
+		t.Fatal("should NOT match with empty allow_fallback")
+	}
+
+	// Direct Key match takes priority (always works regardless of allow_fallback)
+	evDirect := &KeyEvent{Type: PRESS, Mods: CTRL, Key: "c"}
+	if !evDirect.MatchesParsedShortcutWithFallback(ps, PRESS, "") {
+		t.Fatal("direct Key match should work even with empty allow_fallback")
+	}
+	if !evDirect.MatchesParsedShortcutWithFallback(ps, PRESS, "shifted") {
+		t.Fatal("direct Key match should work with any allow_fallback")
+	}
+
+	// No AlternateKey match when Key is ASCII (Dvorak safety: non-ASCII guard)
+	evDvorak := &KeyEvent{Type: PRESS, Mods: CTRL, Key: "x", AlternateKey: "c"}
+	if evDvorak.MatchesParsedShortcutWithFallback(ps, PRESS, "ascii") {
+		t.Fatal("should NOT match via AlternateKey when Key is ASCII (Dvorak)")
+	}
+
+	// Shifted fallback respects per-mapping allow_fallback
+	psA := ParseShortcut("a")
+	evShifted := &KeyEvent{Type: PRESS, Mods: SHIFT, Key: "A", ShiftedKey: "a"}
+	if !evShifted.MatchesParsedShortcutWithFallback(psA, PRESS, "shifted") {
+		t.Fatal("shifted fallback should work with allow_fallback=shifted")
+	}
+	if evShifted.MatchesParsedShortcutWithFallback(psA, PRESS, "ascii") {
+		t.Fatal("shifted fallback should NOT work with allow_fallback=ascii only")
+	}
+	if evShifted.MatchesParsedShortcutWithFallback(psA, PRESS, "") {
+		t.Fatal("shifted fallback should NOT work with empty allow_fallback")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMatchesParsedShortcutUnconditionalAlternateKey(t *testing.T) {
+	// Unconditional match via MatchesPressOrRepeat (hardcoded shortcuts)
+	ev := &KeyEvent{Type: PRESS, Mods: CTRL, Key: "с", AlternateKey: "c"}
+	if !ev.MatchesPressOrRepeat("ctrl+c") {
+		t.Fatal("MatchesPressOrRepeat should match via AlternateKey with non-ASCII guard")
+	}
+
+	// Direct Key match takes priority in unconditional mode too
+	evDirect := &KeyEvent{Type: PRESS, Mods: CTRL, Key: "c"}
+	if !evDirect.MatchesPressOrRepeat("ctrl+c") {
+		t.Fatal("direct Key match should work in unconditional mode")
+	}
+
+	// No AlternateKey match when Key is ASCII (Dvorak safety)
+	evDvorak := &KeyEvent{Type: PRESS, Mods: CTRL, Key: "x", AlternateKey: "c"}
+	if evDvorak.MatchesPressOrRepeat("ctrl+c") {
+		t.Fatal("should NOT match via AlternateKey when Key is ASCII in unconditional mode")
+	}
+
+	// ShiftedKey still works unconditionally
+	evShifted := &KeyEvent{Type: PRESS, Mods: SHIFT, Key: "A", ShiftedKey: "a"}
+	if !evShifted.MatchesPressOrRepeat("a") {
+		t.Fatal("ShiftedKey should match unconditionally in MatchesParsedShortcut")
+	}
+}